What is dyspnoea?

What is dyspnoea? 

Definition

Dyspnoea can be defined as the shortness of breath.

Common causes of shortness of breath

  1. Airway obstruction
  2. Asthma 
  3. COPD 
  4. Pulmonary embolism
  5. Pulmonary oedema 
  6. Pneumothorax 
  7.  Pneumonia 
  8.  Pleural effusion

Breathlessness with chest pain


 •  Myocardial ischaemia + pulmonary oedema 
•  Pulmonary embolus
 •  Pneumothorax
 •  Pleurisy (infection) 

Breathlessness+Crackles

 •  Pulmonary oedema
 •  Infection 
 Breathlessness+Haemoptysis
 •  Pulmonary embolus 
•  Pneumonia 
•  Pulmonary haemorrhage 

Breathlessness+Wheeze

•Ashthma
•COPD
•Pulmonary oedema

Breathlessness +Cough 

•  Pneumonia 
•  Pulmonary oedema 
•  Asthma/COPD 

Breathlessness+No abnormal cardiorespiratory signs 

•  Pulmonary embolus 
•  Anaemia 
•  Metabolic acidosis
 •  Anaphylaxis 
•  Septicaemia
 •  Asthma 
•  COPD
 •  Pulmonary oedema
 •  Fibrosis

Dyspnoea can be dangerous if 


Any signs of heart failure?
 •  Crackles
 •  Gallop
 •  Elevated JVP
 •  Oedema
 Any signs of infection? 
•  Fever >37 C 
•  Cough→Sputum
 •  Crackles
 •  Bronchial breathing

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